A novel mathematical modeling with solution for movement of fluid through ciliary caused metachronal waves in a channel

In this research, a novel mathematical model for the motion of cilia using non-linear rheological fluid in a symmetric channel is developed. The strength of analytical perturbation technique is employed for the solution of proposed physical process using mectachoronal rhythm based on Cilia induced flow for pseudo plastic nano fluid model by considering the low Reynolds number and long wave length approximation phenomena.

Three types of cells movement in human beings and in various animals have been observed, namely: (i) Amoeboid movement (ii) Muscular movement (iii) Ciliary movement. (i) Amoeboid movement: Movement by pseudopodia (pseudo means false and podia means feet). Cells in human body which exhibit amoeboid movement are: Leucocytes (White blood cells), Macrophages (immune system). (ii) Muscular movement: In the human body, this movement is shown by movement of limbs and movement of jaws, tongue, eyelids etc. (iii) Ciliary movement: Movement by numerous hair-like structure. The regions in human body which exhibit this type of movement are: Respiratory tract lined by ciliated epithelium and reproductive system for the movement of fluid. In respiratory tract, cilia are present in trachea which helps to inhale oxygen inside and stop dust and other harmful particles and remove them outside. Cilium is a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure, found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, or in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. Cilia consist of plasma membrane, peripheral microtubules, central microtubule, radial spoke, and liner and they contain basal body base. They are found in almost all animals, and they provide locomotion to moving fluid along internal epithelial tissue and ciliated protozoans. In some animals, many cilia may fuse together to form cirri. “The cirri are stiff structures and are used as something like legs”. According to Lardner and Shack1, movement of cilia plays an important role in many physical procedures i.e., reproduction, rotation, inhalation, alimentation and locomotion. Read more...

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